A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.
Application
Boilers have many applications. They can be used in stationary applications to provide heat, hot water, or steam for domestic use, or in generators and they can be used in mobile applications to provide steam for locomotion in applications such as trains, ships, and boats. Using a boiler is a way to transfer stored energy from the fuel source to the water in the boiler, and then finally to the point of end use.
Materials
Construction of boilers is mainly in steel, stainless steel, and wrough iron. In liive steam models, copper or brass is often used. Historically copper was often used for fireboxes (particularly for steam locomotives), because of its better thermal conductivity. The price of copper now makes this impractical.
Cast iron is used for domestic water heaters. Although these are usually termed "boilers", their purpose is to produce hot water, not steam, and so they run at low pressure and try to avoid actual boiling. The brittleness of cast iron makes it impractical for steam pressure vessels.
For much of the Victorian "age of steam", the only material for boilermaking was the highest grade of wrought iron, with assembly by rivetting. This iron was often obtained from specialist ironworks, such as Cleator Moor (UK), noted for the high quality of their rolled plate and its suitability for high reliability use in critical applications, such as high pressure boilers. 20th century practice moved towards steel and welding.
Fuel
The source of heat for a boiler is combustion of any of several fuels, such as wood, coal, oil, or natural gas. Electric steam boilers use resistance or immersion type heating elements. Nuclear fission is also used as a heat source for generating steam. Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) use the heat rejected from other processes such as gas turbines.
Application
Boilers have many applications. They can be used in stationary applications to provide heat, hot water, or steam for domestic use, or in generators and they can be used in mobile applications to provide steam for locomotion in applications such as trains, ships, and boats. Using a boiler is a way to transfer stored energy from the fuel source to the water in the boiler, and then finally to the point of end use.
Materials
Construction of boilers is mainly in steel, stainless steel, and wrough iron. In liive steam models, copper or brass is often used. Historically copper was often used for fireboxes (particularly for steam locomotives), because of its better thermal conductivity. The price of copper now makes this impractical.
Cast iron is used for domestic water heaters. Although these are usually termed "boilers", their purpose is to produce hot water, not steam, and so they run at low pressure and try to avoid actual boiling. The brittleness of cast iron makes it impractical for steam pressure vessels.
For much of the Victorian "age of steam", the only material for boilermaking was the highest grade of wrought iron, with assembly by rivetting. This iron was often obtained from specialist ironworks, such as Cleator Moor (UK), noted for the high quality of their rolled plate and its suitability for high reliability use in critical applications, such as high pressure boilers. 20th century practice moved towards steel and welding.
Fuel
The source of heat for a boiler is combustion of any of several fuels, such as wood, coal, oil, or natural gas. Electric steam boilers use resistance or immersion type heating elements. Nuclear fission is also used as a heat source for generating steam. Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) use the heat rejected from other processes such as gas turbines.
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